Gender equality's impact on female directors’ efficacy: A multi-country study

This paper studies the role of gender equality in female directors’ efficacy and its subsequent effects on firms. Female directors in more gender equal societies should possess greater skills and exert more influence due to better access to educational/professional opportunities and more amicable boardroom dynamics. Therefore, we hypothesize that gender equality serves as an important moderator in the relation between female board representation and firm outcomes. Using a multi-national panel comprising 1986 public firms from 24 countries or areas spanning from 2007 to 2016, we obtain results that firms with higher female board representation exhibit higher overall performance, less earnings management, and less excessive risk taking, in which all three relations are stronger in countries with greater gender equality. Taken together, our paper implies that the impact of female directors on firm outcomes depends on a country's overall level of gender equality.     

Relationship between positive psychological capital and creative performance

Despite considerable attention to the creative process and its relationship with personal characteristics, there is no published study focused directly on the relationship between the recently recognized core construct of psychological capital (PsyCap) and creative performance. Drawing from a large (N = 899) and heterogeneous sample of working adults, this study investigates PsyCap and its components (i.e., efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience) as predictors of creative performance. Overall PsyCap predicted creative performance over and above each of the four PsyCap components. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are considered. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

限制性液体复苏治疗创伤性失血性休克的临床观察

目的:探讨限制性液体复苏治疗创伤性失血性休克的疗效及对炎症因子的影响。方法:选择2008年3月至2011年3月60例创伤性失血性休克患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组采用充分液体复苏治疗,观察组应用限制性液体复苏治疗,观察两组患者的术前输液量、红细胞压积、凝血酶原时间、死亡率以及C-反应蛋白、IL-6浓度变化。结果:观察组术前输液量、凝血酶原时间、死亡率、C-反应蛋白、IL-6浓度分别是(1768.79±236.54)ml、(12.14±4.13)s、6.67%、(102.43±33.57)ng/L、(213.49±64.82)ng/L,明显低于对照组的(2876.59±287.34)ml、(17.13±3.94)s、16.67%、(124.67±37.84)ng/L、(275.61±72.35)ng/L,P<0.05。观察组术前红细胞压积是(31.45±3.25)%,显著高于对照组的(24.37±3.69)%,P<0.05。结论:限制性液体复苏治疗创伤性失血性休克临床疗效较好,减轻机体炎症反应,有利于患者康复。     

国际制裁缘何难以奏效?——“非故意后果”的视角

国际制裁一直面临着有效性不足的困境。既有研究将之归因于制裁有效性发挥的三大必要条件——足够的制裁强度、准确的承受主体和可信的制裁承诺——得不到满足,但忽视了制裁的非故意后果的作用。非故意后果是制约国际制裁有效性的重要因素之一,它削弱了制裁方的意志,却增强了被制裁方的抵抗决心;增加了制裁持续时长和制裁成本,却阻碍了主要制裁目标的实现。在既有研究基础上,作者首先提出了一个探讨制裁的非故意后果的分析框架,其次对非故意后果影响制裁有效性的作用机制进行了分析,最后以联合国为例探讨了制裁方在应对非故意后果问题上的尝试。     

Clinical characteristics and resource utilization of patients with bipolar disorder who have frequent psychiatric interventions

Abstract

Objective:

To compare the demographics, clinical characteristics and resource utilization of patients with bipolar disorder who required frequent psychiatric interventions (FPIs) with those needing fewer interventions in the Duke Healthcare System database between 1999 and 2005.

Methods:

This retrospective analysis was conducted using electronic medical records of bipolar patients with FPIs, defined as having ≥4 clinically significant events (CSEs) in any 12-month period while in the Duke University Healthcare System. CSEs were composed of emergency room visits, inpatient hospitalizations, or a change in psychotropic medication due to psychiatric symptoms (score ≥4 on the Clinical Global Impressions–Severity scale). Data were compared between patients with and without FPIs.

Results:

Of 632 patients with bipolar disorder 52.5% were identified as having FPIs. These patients were younger and more often female and African American than those with fewer interventions (p?<?0.01 for all). Patients with FPIs were generally prescribed more psychotropic and non-psychotropic medications, utilized more healthcare resources and experienced more psychiatric co-morbidities than those who did not require FPIs (p?<?0.01 for all).

Limitations:

These results are from a single healthcare system and may not be generalizable to all patients with bipolar disorder. This analysis was retrospective and relied on availability of adequate information recording and coding of diagnoses by physicians.

Conclusions:

Patients with bipolar disorder who required FPIs were significantly different from those with fewer clinically defined interventions with respect to their demographic and clinical characteristics and prescribed medications.     

Assessing the Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Team Knowledge Sharing From a Socio‐Cognitive Perspective

Drawing upon social cognitive theory, this research postulates cultural intelligence as a key driver of knowledge sharing among culturally diverse teams. An empirical testing of the proposed model, by investigating team leaders from high‐tech industries, reveals the applicability of social cognitive theory in understanding cultural intelligence, perceived team efficacy, and knowledge sharing. Specifically, the test results herein show that knowledge sharing is directly influenced by metacognitive, cognitive, and motivational cultural intelligence. At the same time, knowledge sharing is indirectly impacted by metacognitive and behavioral cultural intelligence through the mediation of perceived team efficacy. Lastly, this research provides managerial implications and limitations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

工序能力指数两个体系的比较研究

在工序能力指数的新定义与传统定义中，分别给出了两个不同的体系。在工序能力指数的新体系中，不仅纠正了传统定义中的偏移系数的不合理性，而且指出工序能力指数新定义的依据是标准化原理。此外，新定义的工序能力指数与六西格玛管理中的西格玛水平在功能上是相同的。     

我国上市公司再融资绩效评价研究

文章选取1999—2004年期间发生再融资的495家上市公司作为分析样本,为消除行业、规模、时间等因素的影响,参考功效系数法构造了上市公司再融资的绩效评价体系。通过实证分析发现,我国上市公司再融资当年及以后6年内出现绩效显著下降;不同年份再融资的公司绩效有显著差异;再融资的方式对绩效有显著的影响,其中可转债最好、增发其次、配股最差;再融资后资产负债率上升,而公司绩效反而下降;上市公司总资产规模与再融资绩效无关。     

腰-硬联合麻醉在老年人股骨头置换术中的临床疗效

目的探讨腰-硬联合麻醉在老年人股骨头置换术中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年11月至2014年11月我院行股骨头置换术的59例老年患者,观察患者麻醉前、麻醉后5、10、30 min心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、动脉血氧分压(Sp O2)变化,术后并随访3 d,记录并发症情况。结果麻醉后患者的5、10、30 min的SBP、DBP与麻醉前比较均降低(P<0.05);各时点HR及Sp O2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。优良率为98.3%,术后无恶心呕吐、头痛等麻醉相关并发症。结论腰-硬联合阻滞在老年人股骨头置换术中的麻醉效果明显,安全可靠。